Russian choice: recources of social development

Abstract

One of the most important problem of the economic and political reforms in Russia is the analyses of peculiarities in social transformation process. There is a more productive sociocultural notion of transformation that is change of models and stereotypes of social activities as well as of meanings and symbols used in order to understand the realities. With this approach the criterion of the reforms is adaptation of the population to new life conditions, increasing of the population share taking its own socio-economic activity as succesful, limiting the growth of marginal groups that do not exept new values and norms.
One can imagine that measure of adaptivity today is one of the most exact criteria of social differentiation. The analyses of current situation demonstrate: Russia have not the real middle class (according to classical sociological imagination.
The base of the new political and economic stabilization in Russia can be a new theoretical concept of "dynamic middle class". These people try "to find their place" in new circumstances. They consider that in the situation of change one should not only find place in the new reality but support actively the policies of reforms which means to defend already acquired place in life. The new effective social and economic politics will have to support social and economic activities of these groups of the population.
The social politics in transition will have to include integral social devices:
1. social guarantee (federal social standards of education, helth, housing;
2. social support of the personal economic and social activities aimed at implementation of these interests;
3. "liberal level" - the real legal guarantee of the freedom of economical activities.
The article presents four basic scenarios of the sociocultural development of Russia in transition:
1. socio-state destruction of Russia;
2."Wild West" liberalism without law;
3."Oligarchical modernisation": China-Mexican model;
4."National mobilisation".