Professionals in Politics and Professional Politicia

Abstract

This article explores vertical mobility within Russian politics, addressing two key questions: What professional competencies are relevant for politicians? How are different professional groups represented in the Russian political establishment? The professional background before entering the political system and the career experience significantly shape the actions of those responsible for political narratives and strategies for social development. The ‘professionalism’ of politicians is a crucial factor in building public trust in state institutions, and, consequently, in the legitimacy of political power. Therefore, studying professional trajectories is important for solving practical issues, for forecasting future political trends, and for fostering public consensus on the competence of those in public administration. To address these questions, a quantitative biographical analysis was conducted on the professional experiences of current representatives across three levels of government. The sample included 800 politicians from the executive and legislative branches: 300 from the federal level, 400 from the regional level, and 100 from the municipal level. Our findings reveal a dual trend. On one hand, the political system incorporates professionals who have achieved substantial success in their core fields, for whom politics serves as a meta-profession shaped by their previous experience outside of government. These individuals bring significant public authority, which enhances the political system’s capital. On the other hand, the system is increasingly populated by “zero specialists”—individuals who enter government immediately after graduation, for whom public administration is their primary career. These individuals are often formed within the system, moving through closed and opaque channels of mobility, raising concerns about transparency.
This dual structure contributes to growing public skepticism. The public, who expect to see experienced professionals with authority in key sectors, often struggle to assess the competence of these “zero specialists”. To enhance the legitimacy of the political system as a whole and its ruling elite in particular, it is essential to understand this trend and improve communication with the public regarding the principles behind the formation of the new elite.